{"id":1814746,"date":"2023-08-17T10:53:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T07:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visithaapsalu.com\/hans-pohl-eestirootslaste-pealik\/"},"modified":"2024-08-09T00:54:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T21:54:35","slug":"hans-pohl-eestirootslaste-pealik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.visithaapsalu.com\/en\/estonian-swedes\/hans-pohl-eestirootslaste-pealik\/","title":{"rendered":"Hans P\u00f6hl \u2013 leader of the Estonian Swedes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Hans P\u00f6hl<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hans P\u00f6hl \u2013 leader of the Estonian Swedes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
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Next to Vormsi church is a modest stone memorial to Hans P\u00f6hl. This stone, erected by compatriots in 1994, is the only memorial to the man who was the greatest leader and champion of the Estonian Swedes of all time.<\/p>\n

Hans P\u00f6hl was born in 1876 in Suur-N\u00f5mmk\u00fcla in Noarootsi. He went to school in Sutlepa and Haapsalu, and was hired as a school teacher in \u00d6sterby, Noarootsi, at the age of 16.<\/p>\n

P\u00f6hl, who spoke a Noarootsi dialect at home, did not have decent command of either official state Swedish, Estonian or Russian at the time. He studied Swedish under Johan Nymann, the sacristan of Noarootsi and seemed to have a real knack for languages, because in addition to Estonian and Russian, he studied English in Oxford and Cambridge and taught English and religion in Tallinn Business School and Commercial Upper Secondary School until his death. P\u00f6hl could even be considered the pioneer of English-language teaching in Estonia, as he wrote English textbooks for upper secondary schools and published the first English-Estonian dictionary.<\/p>\n

P\u00f6hl\u2019s greatest legacy, however, is as a champion of the Estonian Swedes. He started working together with Johan Nymann, the sacristan of Noarootsi. Together, they tried to establish a lending library in the sacristan\u2019s farm (K\u00f6stritalu) in Noarootsi, which also housed the parish school (for peasants). However, they did not manage to get permission for this and instead founded a temperance organisation which also facilitated the running of a library. P\u00f6hl then became the chairman of the organisation and was able to use it to promote the culture of the Estonian Swedes.  To get books, P\u00f6hl turned to his Swedish acquaintances and sent an appeal to be published in Swedish newspapers. Together with Nymann, they published the first calendar of the Estonian Swedes in 1903.<\/p>\n

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was not a single important decision made by the Estonian Swedes that P\u00f6hl was not involved in. He was also on the board of every organisation of the Estonian Swedes. He was active in the founding of the Estonian-Swedish organisation Svenska Odlingens V\u00e4nner (SOV or Friends of Swedish Education) in 1909 and in the publication of their newspaper Kustbon. On the initiative of the SOV (Svenska Odlingens V\u00e4nner), Swedish-language schools were established in the areas inhabited by Estonian Swedes, mainly in those with mixed settlements. As well as an agricultural and folk university in P\u00fcrksi and an upper secondary school in Haapsalu.<\/p>\n

After the February Revolution of 1917, the Estonian Swedes also joined the demand for autonomy for minorities with P\u00f6hl once again at the forefront. He also played a role in Estonian politics. In 1917, P\u00f6hl spearheaded the founding of Rahvaliit (People\u2019s Union), a party of the Estonian Swedes. He was a member of the Estonian Provincial Assembly (Maap\u00e4ev), acted as the Swedish national minister in the Estonian Provisional Government, represented the Swedes in the Estonian Constituent Assembly and had a seat in the first and third Supreme Court of Estonia. As a politician, P\u00f6hl fought for the rights of minorities to be enshrined in the constitution and for land reform to include land allocated for the Swedes.<\/p>\n

Although P\u00f6hl was born in Noarootsi in mainland Estonia and lived mainly in Tallinn, he is buried on the island of Vormsi. His wife Lydia Lindstr\u00f6m hailed from Vormsi, and the P\u00f6hl family spent most of their summers on Vormsi. They even built a house in Hullo. P\u00f6hl always celebrated his birthday on 15 August on Vormsi.<\/p>\n

Hans P\u00f6hl died on 22 January 1930 in Tallinn after a severe attack of acute tonsilitis. His funeral service was held in St. Michael\u2019s Swedish Church in Tallinn. The entire government and representatives of all the minorities came to see him off. After the funeral service, P\u00f6hl\u2019s coffin was sent to Haapsalu in a special wagon where pallbearers carried him to Haapsalu Vanasadama harbour to be taken to Vormsi by boat. On Vormsi, the pallbearers lifted his coffin onto their shoulders again and headed for the churchyard, where P\u00f6hl was laid to rest.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hans P\u00f6hl Hans P\u00f6hl \u2013 leader of the Estonian Swedes Next to Vormsi church is a modest stone memorial to Hans P\u00f6hl. This stone, erected by compatriots in 1994, is the only memorial to the man who was the greatest leader and champion of the Estonian Swedes of all time. Hans P\u00f6hl was born in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1815348,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1814746","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHans P\u00f6hl \u2013 leader of the Estonian Swedes - Visit Haapsalu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hans P\u00f6hl was born in 1876 in Suur-N\u00f5mmk\u00fcla in Noarootsi. 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